Priya Negi
The 21st century, LC mass spectrometry (LC-MS analysis) has grown to be a comprehensive technology within the clinical source and referral laboratories all over the world. It has begun to grasp large and medium-sized hospitals and local clinical laboratories.
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Its applicability in medical laboratories now traverses numbers of various tests, varying from unique and highly difficult analytes to mass tests in drug/toxicology, infant screening, and endocrinology. With increasing knowledge, the pros and cons of the technology along with the future possibilities and difficulties have become visible.
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Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS method) is a process or procedure used usually for drug reporting, food analysis, and environmental measurement. The LC-MS analysis offers a well-thought-out and enhanced analysis of the responsiveness of analytes.
LC-MS assay frequently uses various compounds pointing to accelerated examination and development of drug contenders. Similarly, LC-MS analysis is one of the highly accepted procedures for administering DMPK studies.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry blends the physical disconnection and detection responsiveness capacities of both platforms. The tandem combination of both LC and MS procedures synergistically heightens their specific capabilities.
LC-MS-MS test operates favourably because the Liquid Chromatography divides analyte from a complex matrix into dissimilar components. At the same time, the Mass Spectrometry presents the characterization and quantitation for the elements with great precision. This method works particularly well for the analysis of both synthesized inorganic compounds, as well as nonchemical and biochemical compounds found in the intricate biological and environmental matrix.
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Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS assay) has seen tremendous growth in clinical laboratories in the last couple of decades. It extends analytical specificity higher to that of immunoassays or traditional HPLC (high performance/pressure liquid chromatography) for low molecular weight analytes.
It has a higher throughput than gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Drug/ IND enabling Toxicology studies and Biochemical Genetics/Newborn Screening laboratories were at the forefront of clinical LC-MS/MS use, but have been overshadowed by Endocrine laboratories. In USA reference/referral laboratories, LC-MS/MS assays most steroids and biogenic amines, and this technology have begun to seep into smaller-sized laboratories.
Assays for minerals and gluco-corticoids and their forebearers, sex steroids, metanephrines, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D bring out the benefits of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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However, several shortcomings of LC-MS/MS have are now visible, focusing on the interactive triangle of sensitivity – specificity – throughput. While specimen throughput is higher than for traditional HPLC or GC-MS, it falters in automated immunoassays. Methods that enhance performance involve direct sample injection, LC-multiplexing, and sample multiplexing.
Measures to increase specificity and sensitivity incorporate sample clean-up and optimizing chromatography to bypass obstacles and ion suppression due to sample-matrix components. Next-generation instrumentation may offer added advantages.
The next challenge for clinical LC-MS/MS is peptide/protein analysis. The quest for multi-biomarker profiles for various diseases has mostly failed. Still, targeted peptide and protein testing by LC-MS/MS, which directs at analytical and clinical issues that need answers, is demonstrating a high success rate.
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We expect that this will occur in similar growth of clinical protein/peptide LC-MS/MS as has been observed for low molecular weight applications.
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